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HOME :
Pre-Columbian Art :
Olmec Masks : Olmec Stone Mask
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Olmec Stone Mask - PF.1907
Origin: Mexico
Circa: 900
BC
to 500
BC
Dimensions:
4" (10.2cm) high
Collection: Pre-Columbian
Style: Olmec
Medium: Stone
$6,000.00
Location: United States
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| Description |
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The Olmecs are generally considered to be the ultimate ancestor
of all subsequent Mesoamerican civilisations. Thriving between
about 1200 and 400 BC, their base was the tropical lowlands of
south central Mexico, an area characterized by swamps
punctuated by low hill ridges and volcanoes. Here the Olmecs
practiced advanced farming techniques and constructed many
permanent settlements. Their influence, both cultural and
political, extended far beyond their boundaries; the exotic nature
of Olmec designs became synonymous with elite status in other
(predominantly highland) groups, with evidence for exchange of
artefacts in both directions. Other than their art (see below), they
are credited with the foundations of writing systems (the loosely
defined Epi-Olmec period, c. 500 BC), the first use of the zero –
so instrumental in the Maya long count vigesimal calendrical
system – and they also appear to have been the originators of the
famous Mesoamerican ballgame so prevalent among later
cultures in the region.
The art form for which the Olmecs are best known, the
monumental stone heads weighing up to forty tons, are generally
believed to depict kingly leaders or possibly ancestors. Other
symbols abound in their stylistic repertoire, including several
presumably religious symbols such as the feathered serpent and
the rain spirit, which persisted in subsequent and related
cultures until the middle ages. Comparatively little is known of
their magico-religious world, although the clues that we have
are tantalising. Technically, these include all non- secular items,
of which there is a fascinating array. The best- known forms are
jade and ceramic figures and celts that depict men, animals and
fantastical beasts with both anthropomorphic and zoomorphic
characteristics. Their size and general appearance suggests that
they were domestically- or institutionally-based totems or
divinities. The quality of production is astonishing, particularly if
one considers the technology available, the early date of the
pieces, and the dearth of earlier works upon which the Olmec
sculptors could draw. Some pieces are highly stylised, while
others demonstrate striking naturalism with deliberate
expressionist interpretation of some facial features (notably up-
turned mouths and slit eyes) that can be clearly seen in the
current maskette.
Though not large, this stone mask projects an
intense energy on the level of monolithic
sculpture. Its features are quintessentially
Olmec; part human, part snarling beast. Though
the significance of this creature has vanished
into the mists of time, its power still haunts us.
Did such a race once walk the earth, or did they
exist only in the imagination? Does this startling
vision reflect some primal passion? As with any
great work of art, this mask reaches across the
bounds of time and culture to touch our very
soul.
- (PF.1907)
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