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Scythian Art : Scythian Bronze Harness Decoration Depicting a Horse
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Scythian Bronze Harness Decoration Depicting a Horse - OF.045 (LSO)
Origin: Central Asia
Circa: 600
BC
to 400
BC
Dimensions:
1.5" (3.8cm) high
x 3.25" (8.3cm) wide
Collection: Near Eastern Art
Medium: Bronze
£4,500.00
Location: Great Britain
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Description |
This elegant harness adornment was made by –
or for – the Scythians, a semi-nomadic Central
Asian group who originated in Iran but roamed
across much of the Ukraine, Russia and the
Pontic Steppe from about 1000 BC through the
period of classical antiquity. They are known
historically from Greek records, and
archaeologically on the basis of their
extravagantly ornate metalwork in burial mounds
from above Greece all the way to Central Asia.
They appear in the historical sources of other
peoples – including the Assyrians, who they tried
to invade in 770 BC, and the Persians, who tried
to return the favour in 512 BC – but have left no
written evidence of their own. Socially they are
hard to assess, given the fairly mobile nature of
their way of life, although there is epigraphic and
graphic evidence of their appearance and some
of their customs. Inevitably, their funeral
behaviour is well understood, while much of their
technology seems in fact to have been acquired
or commissioned from settled communities.
Their main period of prosperity was in the
second half of the first millennium BC, fading
away in the face of competition from the
Sarmantians and the Celts, then attacks by the
Goths, at the turn of the millennium.
Herodotus mentions a “Royal Dahae” which was
the ruling elite of the Scythian forces, and which
might well have existed if the riches of the burial
mounds are any indication. Local governance was
carried out by elites with control over local
armies, who were sometimes hired out as
mercenaries – especially archers – to more
sedentary groups. They were by all accounts a
martial and fierce people, much associated with
noble barbarism, where women fought alongside
men (seemingly with similar status) and both
sexes were regularly tattooed with zoomorphic
designs that also appear in their artwork. As a
mobile way of life was not conducive to
metalworking or other craft/art pursuits, most
Scythian masterworks – of which there are an
inordinate number – were designed by the
Scythians but actually made by the Greeks. These
include jewellery, horse harnesses and weapons,
and include a large proportion of works in gold,
which they highly valued and viewed as a status
symbol. It is from the imagery on these items
that the Scythians gain their glamorous if
sanguineous reputation, although later works
demonstrate that they had started to adopt
Greek clothing and customs. Zoomorphic and
anthropomorphic imagery abounds, combined
with more mundane themes (milking cattle) and
some geometric motifs.
This piece is simply yet elegantly constructed
from bronze strapwork, comprising a prone
hollow rectangle decorated with hatched incised
lines. In the centre of the rectangle – and
supported by small frets that run from the main
frame inwards – is the figure of a horse. It is
depicted in a highly cubistic form, made up of
large circles for the haunches and shoulders, an
angular head with open mouth, a staring eye in
high relief, and a rope bridle picked out and
highlighted with incised decoration. The tail
appears to have been braided, and acts to
support the horse within the frame. The legs are
bent, to imply that the horse is kneeling or in the
process of getting up/down. There are fragments
of rivets or pins at each of the four corners,
which would have been used to secure the piece
to its leather backing. This is an elegant, well-
constructed piece of art from a dynamic and
fascinating period in Central Asian history, and a
worthy element in any such collection.
- (OF.045 (LSO))
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