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Pre-Columbian Art :
Olmec Art : Olmec Sculpture of a Reclining Woman
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Olmec Sculpture of a Reclining Woman - PF.0396
Origin: Guerrero, Mexico
Circa: 1200
BC
to 900
BC
Dimensions:
5" (12.7cm) high
Catalogue: V2
Collection: Pre-Columbian
Medium: Terracotta
Location: UAE
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Photo Gallery |
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Description |
The Olmecs are generally considered to be the ultimate ancestor of all
subsequent Mesoamerican civilisations. Thriving between about 1200 and
400 BC, their base was the tropical lowlands of south central Mexico, an
area characterized by swamps punctuated by low hill ridges and
volcanoes. Here the Olmecs practiced advanced farming techniques and
constructed permanent settlements, including San Lorenzo Tenochtitlán,
La Venta, Tres Zapotes, Laguna de los Cerros, and La Mojarra. However,
the consolidation of their city-states led to notable cultural influence far
beyond their heartland, and throughout the Mesoamerican region. This
was confirmed in 2005 with the use of NAA (Neutron Activation Analysis)
and petrography to demonstrate the spread of Olmec ceramic vessels. It
would appear that the Olmec style became synonymous with elite status
in other (predominantly highland) groups, with evidence for exchange of
artefacts in both directions. A non-literate group, the Olmecs
nevertheless paved the way for the development of writing systems in the
loosely defined Epi- Olmec period (c. 500 BC). Further innovations include
arguably the first use of the zero, so instrumental in the Maya long count
vigesimal calendrical system. They also appear to have been the
originators of the famous Mesoamerican ballgame so prevalent among
later cultures in the region, and either retained or invented several
religious symbols such as the feathered serpent and the rain spirit, which
persisted in subsequent and related cultures until the middle ages.
Comparatively little is known of their magico-religious world, although
the clues that we have are tantalising. The art forms for which the Olmecs
are best known, the monumental stone heads weighing up to forty tons,
are generally assumed to pertain to some form of kingly leader or
possibly an ancestor. The smaller jade figures and celts of which this is
one are believed to be domestically or institutionally based totems or
divinities. The quality of production is astonishing, particularly if one
considers the technology available for production, the early date of the
pieces, and the dearth of earlier works upon which the Olmec sculptors
could draw. Some pieces are highly stylised, while others demonstrate
striking naturalism with interpretation of some facial features (notably
down-turned mouths and slit eyes) that can be clearly seen in the current
figure.
This young woman with her slender, firm body
almost seems to the modern eye to be posing at
the beach, or engaged in some form of Yoga
stretching exercise. There is such liveliness and
grace to this small figure that she continues to
captivate her audience.
- (PF.0396)
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