Whereas before, war was characterized as a civilized contest between aristocratic
armies, during the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.), war evolved into the chaotic
conflict we know it as today. Kings and princes were replaced on the battlefield by
infantries led by military generals. Peasants were recruited to serve on the front lines.
Warfare intensified, especially in terms of the duration of campaigns. New arms and
armor were invented, including the halberd and crossbow. Chariots rode alongside
archers outfitted in iron helmets and body armor. Defensive walls were erected in
order to repel invaders. However, despite the turmoil of the times, the arts continued
to thrive. Bronze casting was revolutionized by the introduction of the lost-wax
technique, while the alterations of kiln structures enabled new firing techniques that
resulted in fully developed glazes.
Although the Warring States Period was marked by almost constant upheaval, it also
represents a golden age of Chinese culture and thought. Needless to say, the arts
continued to flourish as this exquisite terracotta Hu reveals. Such a vessel
would have been used for storing, transporting, and serving fine wines. The gently
flaring neck has been decorated with two bands of incised undulating lines that give
the impression of the waves of the ocean. This pattern has been repeated along the
shoulder and upper half of the body. The lower half of the vessel has been left
unadorned and unglazed as is typical for this period. Two small handles have been
attached, emerge from either side and are almost purely decorative, imitating
functional handles seen on bronze examples. Although this vessel would have
functioned as a wine container in life, it was found discovered buried in a tomb. A
symbol for the bountiful pleasures of life, for drinking and feasting, this Hu
would have represented the joys to be experienced in the afterlife and the feasts and
celebrations yet to come. Today, this vessel is not only a gorgeous work of art,
treasured for its history and rarity; but also a stunning reminder of the richness and
luxury of the Ancient China, both in this world and the next.
- (H.808)
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