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HOME :
Pre-Columbian Art :
Olmec Art : Olmec Seated Figure With Distended Jowls
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Olmec Seated Figure With Distended Jowls - PF.0223
Origin: Xochipala, Mexico
Circa: 1200
BC
to 900
BC
Dimensions:
7.125" (18.1cm) high
Catalogue: V2
Collection: Pre-Columbian
Style: Olmec
Medium: Terracotta
Location: UAE
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| Description |
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The Olmecs are generally considered to be the ultimate ancestors of
all subsequent Mesoamerican civilisations. Thriving between c. 1200
and 400 BC, their base was the tropical lowlands of south central
Mexico, an area characterized by swamps punctuated by low hill
ridges and volcanoes. Here the Olmecs practiced advanced farming
techniques and constructed many permanent settlements. Their
influence, both cultural and political, extended far beyond their
boundaries, and their ceramics enjoyed a particularly wide
distribution. The exotic nature of Olmec designs became
synonymous with elite status in other (predominantly highland)
groups, with evidence for exchange of artefacts in both directions.
Other than their art, they are credited with the foundations of
writing systems (the loosely defined Epi-Olmec period, c. 500 BC),
the first use of the zero – so instrumental in the Maya long count
vigesimal calendrical system – and they also appear to have been the
originators of the famous Mesoamerican ballgame so prevalent
among later cultures in the region.
The art form for which the Olmecs are best known, the monumental
stone heads weighing up to forty tons, are generally believed to
depict kingly leaders or possibly ancestors. Other symbols abound
in their stylistic repertoire, including several presumably religious
symbols such as the feathered serpent and the rain spirit, which
persisted in subsequent and related cultures until the middle ages.
Comparatively little is known of their magico-religious world,
although the clues that we have are tantalising. Technically, these
include all non-secular items, of which there is a fascinating array.
The best- known forms are jade and ceramic figures and celts that
depict men, animals and fantastical beasts with both
anthropomorphic and zoomorphic characteristics. Their size and
general appearance suggests that they were domestically- or
institutionally-based totems or divinities. The quality of production
is astonishing, particularly if one considers the technology available,
the early date of the pieces, and the dearth of earlier works upon
which the Olmec sculptors could draw. Some pieces are highly
stylised, while others demonstrate striking naturalism with
deliberate expressionist interpretation of some facial features
(notably down-turned mouths and slit eyes) that can be clearly seen
in the current figure.
Part baby, part monster, this grotesque bullfrog-
like little creature probably served as an incense
burner. It is possible that his sagging jowls and
belly are the result of a medical condition, like
those depicted in satirical English prints of the
18th Century. However, creatures like this were
an integral part of Olmec art and religion,
remnants of a mythological age when humans
and animals mated. This fellow seems to come
from an even earlier time, as if he were formed
from the primeval ooze.
- (PF.0223)
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