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Coin Jewelry :
Beaded Coin Necklaces : Carnelian and Malachite Beaded Necklace with a coin of Diocletian
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Carnelian and Malachite Beaded Necklace with a coin of Diocletian - FJ.1111
Origin: Mediterranean
Circa: 284
BC
to 305
AD
Collection: Beaded Necklaces
Style: Roman Coin
Additional Information: K.
£1,800.00
Location: Great Britain
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| Description |
Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus;
born Diocles; 22 December 244 – 3
December 311) was a Roman emperor
from 284 to 305. Born to a family of
low status in Dalmatia, Diocletian rose
through the ranks of the military to
become a cavalry commander of the
Emperor Carus's army. After the
deaths of Carus and his son Numerian
on campaign in Persia, Diocletian was
proclaimed emperor. The title was also
claimed by Carus's surviving son,
Carinus, but Diocletian defeated him in
the Battle of the Margus.
Diocletian's reign stabilized the empire
and marks the end of the Crisis of the
Third Century. He appointed fellow
officer Maximian as Augustus, co-
emperor, in 286. Diocletian reigned in
the Eastern Empire, and Maximian
reigned in the Western Empire.
Diocletian delegated further on 1
March 293, appointing Galerius and
Constantius as Caesars, junior co-
emperors, under himself and Maximian
respectively. Under this 'tetrarchy', or
"rule of four", each emperor would
rule over a quarter-division of the
empire. Diocletian secured the
empire's borders and purged it of all
threats to his power. He defeated the
Sarmatians and Carpi during several
campaigns between 285 and 299, the
Alamanni in 288, and usurpers in
Egypt between 297 and 298. Galerius,
aided by Diocletian, campaigned
successfully against Sassanid Persia,
the empire's traditional enemy. In 299
he sacked their capital, Ctesiphon.
Diocletian led the subsequent
negotiations and achieved a lasting
and favourable peace.
Diocletian separated and enlarged the
empire's civil and military services and
reorganized the empire's provincial
divisions, establishing the largest and
most bureaucratic government in the
history of the empire. He established
new administrative centres in
Nicomedia, Mediolanum, Sirmium, and
Trevorum, closer to the empire's
frontiers than the traditional capital at
Rome. Building on third-century trends
towards absolutism, he styled himself
an autocrat, elevating himself above
the empire's masses with imposing
forms of court ceremonies and
architecture. Bureaucratic and military
growth, constant campaigning, and
construction projects increased the
state's expenditures and necessitated
a comprehensive tax reform. From at
least 297 on, imperial taxation was
standardized, made more equitable,
and levied at generally higher rates.
Not all of Diocletian's plans were
successful: the Edict on Maximum
Prices (301), his attempt to curb
inflation via price controls, was
counterproductive and quickly ignored.
Although effective while he ruled,
Diocletian's tetrarchic system
collapsed after his abdication under
the competing dynastic claims of
Maxentius and Constantine, sons of
Maximian and Constantius
respectively. The Diocletianic
Persecution (303–312), the empire's
last, largest, and bloodiest official
persecution of Christianity, failed to
eliminate Christianity in the empire;
indeed, after 324, Christianity became
the empire's preferred religion under
Constantine. Despite these failures
and challenges, Diocletian's reforms
fundamentally changed the structure
of Roman imperial government and
helped stabilize the empire
economically and militarily, enabling
the empire to remain essentially intact
for another 150 years despite being
near the brink of collapse in
Diocletian's youth. Weakened by
illness, Diocletian left the imperial
office on 1 May 305, and became the
first Roman emperor to abdicate the
position voluntarily. He lived out his
retirement in his palace on the
Dalmatian coast, tending to his
vegetable gardens. His palace
eventually became the core of the
modern-day city of Split in Croatia.
- (FJ.1111)
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