During the Tang Dynasty, restrictions
were placed on the number of objects
that could be included in tombs, an
amount determined by an individual's
social rank. In spite of the
limitations, a striking variety of tomb
furnishings have been excavated. Entire
retinues of terracotta figures -
animals, entertainers, musicians,
guardians - were buried with the dead.
Many of the objects reflect Tang China's
extraordinary amount of contact with
foreigners, bringing into China
influences that were then adapted and
absorbed into its culture. One of these
influences is apparent in this figure
that corresponds to Buddhist warrior
deities that assume a mortuary role in
China but also serve as protectors of
Buddhist temples. Known as "Protector of
the Burial Vault" or "Protector of the
Burial Ground," the fierce, armored
guardian stands atop a recumbent ox.
This stance symbolizes the heavenly
king's authority and responsibility as
protector of the tomb. According to one
Chinese tradition explaining their
origin, the emperor Taizong when ill was
threatened by ghosts outside of his room
screeching and throwing bricks and
tiles. When his general Jin Shubao (Chin
Shu-pao) and a fellow officer came to
stand guard the activity of the ghosts
ceased. The grateful emperor had
portraits of the two men hung on either
side of his palace gates, and thereafter
their images became widespread as door-
gods. Originally, this colorfully
painted Lokapala would have brandished a
weapon in his hand. Most likely a
spear, this object was probable made
from a material such as wood that
deteriorated over the centuries. Look
unto his handsome face, complete with a
carefully groomed moustache, and gazing
into his stern eyes, we understand why
such works were intended to frighten
away tomb robbers and evil spirits. Yet
despite his intimidating nature, we are
not repelled by him; instead, we are
attracted to his artistic mastery and
intriguing history.
- (H.774)
|
