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Whereas before, war was characterized as a
civilized contest between aristocratic armies,
during the Warring States Period (475-221 B.C.),
war evolved into the chaotic conflict we know it
as today. Kings and princes were replaced on
the battlefield by infantries lead by military
generals. Peasants were recruited to serve on
the front lines. Warfare intensified, especially in
terms of the duration of campaigns. New arms
and armor were invented, including the halberd
and crossbow. Chariots rode alongside archers
outfitted in iron helmets and body armor.
Defensive walls were erected in order to repel
invaders. However, despite the turmoil of the
times, the arts continued to thrive. Bronze
casting was revolutionized by the introduction of
the lost-wax technique, while the alterations of
kiln structures enabled new firing techniques
that resulted in fully developed glazes.
This bronze hu would have functioned as a ritual
container for the storage and transport of
sumptuous wines. The surface of the body and
base has been divided into horizontal bands that
are decorated with intricate incised designs of
abstract swirling forms. The neck features
similar decoration, however divided into
elongated triangular frames. Two decorative Tao
Tieh mask handles have been attached to the
lower shoulder of the hu. These stylized animals
represent a type of dragon found in Chinese
mythology. Their abstracted representation
reveals the influence of previous styles such as
the Zhou Dynasty. Over the ages, the bronze
has acquired a fabulous patina of alternating
green and turquoise hues, adding both delightful
colors and pleasing textures.
Such a work, forged from bronze, would have
been the treasured possession of an elite
member of the social hierarchy. Quite simply,
only a court noble or wealthy merchant could
afford such a luxury. Although this vessel would
have functioned as a wine container in life, it
was found discovered buried in a tomb. A
symbol for the bountiful pleasures of life, for
drinking and feasting, this hu would have
represented the joys to be experienced in the
afterlife and the feasts and celebrations yet to
come. Today, this vessel is not only a gorgeous
work of art, treasured for its history and rarity;
but also a stunning reminder of the richness and
luxury of ancient China, both in this world and
the next.
- (H.984)
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