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Near Eastern Art :
Sassanid Art : Sassanian Bulla with Lion and Inscription
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Sassanian Bulla with Lion and Inscription - LO.1065
Origin: Central Asia
Circa: 3
rd
Century AD
to 7
th
Century AD
Dimensions:
1.5" (3.8cm) wide
Collection: Near Eastern
Style: Sassanian
Medium: Clay
£1,500.00
Location: Great Britain
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| Description |
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As the last great Iranian dynasty before the
advent of Islam, the Sasanian dynasty (224-642
AD) is best remembered for its distinctive
cultural expressions and the longevity of its rule.
With an immense territory stretching from
Transcaucasia to the Indus valley, Sasanians
engaged in intense trade and exchange, of
which, sealstones and bullae are an interesting
reflection. Bullae (from the latin Bulla-ae) are
clay or bitumen impression of seals used as
voucher that were usually attached to documents
or – in fewer instances- parcels (or the strings
used to bound them) and showed the identity of
the author or witness of the document , or the
owner of the merchandise. The middle Persian
word for bulla, gil muhrag is known from an
Iranian loanword in Aramaic Talmud, while a
number of clay bullae from the Sasanian era have
been discovered not only at various Sasanian
sites including Takht-e Suleiman and qasr-e
Abu Nasr but also in Transoxiana, bearing
inscriptions in Sogdian. Bullae are important
historical documents in that they provide
valuable information on Sasanian onomastics,
personal names, government offices and
religious positions. Their wealth of information is
particular poignant, when considering that
relatively little material evidence has so far come
to light from the Sasanian period, besides the
vestiges of some architectural religious
complexes.
Collections of bullae, found in deposits are
known to have been indeed stored in archives.
The impressions of Sasanian seals, preserved on
clay bullae suggest that the seals functioned as
validation of documents as as guarantees of
exchanged goods and services both in an
administrative context and in private society.
Sasanian bullae such as the one here illustrated
have a convex face and a relatively flat back with,
sometimes, traces of perforations or grooves left
the strings that attached the bulla to the sealed
object.
Administrative bullae were generally un-iconic
and exclusively epigraphic, giving the names of
administrative provinces and the titles of offices
such as those of finance and justice, both posts
held by the Zoroastrian clergy. On the other
hand, those bullae used for royals and important
functionaries generally bear the owner’s bust
accompanied by an inscription giving the name
and title. Private seals and impressions,
distinguished by a single motif sometimes
accompanied by an inscription, provide a rich
variety of iconographic patterns, largely
reflecting the contemporary cultural and
religious traditions of Iran, though only indirectly
explained by the inscriptions accompany them.
Sasanian bullae of high quality or functional
importance usually bear inscriptions, providing a
proper name, often followed by a patronymic and
occasionally with a pious or auspicious phrase
such as ‘be generous’ or ‘trust in god’. The
glyptic scripts used for palhavi, the middle
Persian language of the Sasanians, are based on
the lapidary script, found on Sasanian reliefs of
the 3rd century, and the cursive script used in
chancery and for commercial activities. Other
scripts found on bullae include Parthian,
Sogdian, Aramaic, Syriac and Arabic.
- (LO.1065)
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